Menispermum Canadense

Scientific Summary

Menispermum canadense (Canadian moonseed) is a twining shrub whose bark, roots, and seeds are utilized in herbal preparations. It is chiefly used as an anticonvulsant and muscle‑spasm relaxant, and historically for treating epilepsy, chronic cramps, and some gastrointestinal complaints. Because its alkaloids can be toxic, ingestion may cause nausea, vomiting, tremor, or severe convulsions; use only under professional guidance and avoid during pregnancy or for people with kidney disease.

Source: PMC: Wild Mint, WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants (Vols 1-3), PMC: Tongkat Ali